3D printing is one of the new technologies that we are all familiar with, or at least have heard of, and which can be used to build almost any type of object. 3D printing in construction is already a reality and is something that could revolutionize this sector.
What is 3D printing?
3D printing in construction allows you to create a three-dimensional object by superimposing several successive layers of materials. It is a very versatile construction method and is capable of generating everything from specific elements to complex structures, such as spaces or houses, modular structures, walls, offices, bridges, street furniture, decorative elements, or any type of object.
What can you do with a 3D printer?
The design process is computer-based. Using BIM or CAD software, the 3D printer receives all the information it needs to print, and the machine begins to superimpose the different materials according to the design specifications to generate all kinds of objects.
How does 3D printing work in construction?
Layer by layer, the structure is erected with millimeter precision, including wall reinforcement and everything else needed to complete a house, right down to the piping for the various installations. Once finished, it is moved to the chosen location and placed on its foundations.
In this way, it is possible to build a house of around 100m2 in two and a half months, whereas the same house, built using traditional methods, would take between 7 and 12 months.
Advantages of 3D printing in construction
The advantages of this construction method are numerous. We have identified some of the most relevant:
- Time reduction of around 70%;
- More sustainable and environmentally friendly method (due to the materials used and the reduction of waste);
- Safer (almost no accidents at work);
- Totally flexible in its design.
There are many challenges that need to be overcome for 3D printing in the real estate sector to have a greater impact on the market. We highlight a few:
- Although the cost of a house built with 3D printing is cheaper than a traditional house, the machinery needed to build it is still quite expensive, both to purchase and to operate;
- This industry requires a high level of training so that professionals can handle the technology involved. Currently, there is still little training in this area;
- Current legislation and regulations on 3D printing are not as developed as they should be. Clear guidelines on its implementation need to be established in order to benefit from all the advantages of this construction technique.
3D printing techniques and types for construction
Extrusion is the most common 3D printing technique, as it can be used in almost any environment. This method creates an object by layering material through one or more nozzles mounted on a movable support. The most commonly used extrusion supports for 3D printing in construction are as follows:
- Robotic arm: An automatically controlled printer that allows freedom of movement and flexibility to program multiple tasks. The arm is capable of printing from multiple angles, allowing for complex geometries and curves, and enables larger sizes to be printed compared to other 3D printing methods.
- Gantry system: The contour method marks the beginning of 3D printing in construction. This process deposits building material to form a 3D model and create large-scale structures with a smooth surface finish. It works by means of rails, placed around the floor of the building, which serve as a guide to direct the robotic arm in applying each layer of concrete.
The future of 3D printing in construction
The possibility of building houses in a short period of time, together with growing concern for environmental preservation, are sufficient reasons to encourage companies to take an interest in the use of 3D printing in construction.
The future of construction depends on the use of eco-friendly, organic, and recyclable materials, along with a reduction in waste production and an increase in worker safety conditions in order to reduce workplace accidents.
And if we add to all this the possibility for users to fully customize their future homes, from materials to design and features, there is no doubt that 3D printing will become part of the homes of future generations.
We can only imagine what our cities will look like if this method becomes commonplace.
Source: https://alubuild.com/